Defend a result

Target: Compute a percent and keep the claim inside the data.

Language target: Separate the calculation from a cause.

Likely miss: Students defend a claim with a computation that answers a different question.

Ask: What does this percent not tell us?

If you see it: Match each number in the defense to a quantity in the story.

Evidence to listen for: The defense uses the right relationship and says what it does not show.

Next: If extra causes appear, cross out anything not measured.

Observable student moves: names both quantities, uses the represented relationship, and revises after feedback. This companion is not a score.